Library Classification: Meaning, Need, Types (DDC, UDC, CC, LCC) | UGC NET Library Science Guide

Library Classification: Meaning, Need, Types (DDC, UDC, CC, LCC) – Complete Guide for UGC NET LIS

Introduction

Library Classification is one of the most important concepts in Library and Information Science. Libraries contain thousands or even millions of books and information resources. If these resources are not organized properly, it becomes very difficult for users to locate the required information.

Library classification helps in arranging books and other information materials in a systematic order based on their subjects. This systematic arrangement makes it easier for users to find books quickly and efficiently.

In modern libraries, classification systems are essential for effective library management and better information retrieval.

Meaning of Library Classification

Library Classification refers to the process of organizing books and information resources according to their subjects and assigning them specific class numbers.

In simple words:

"Library classification is the process of arranging books according to their subjects in a systematic order."

For example:

Science books are placed together
History books are placed together
Literature books are placed together

This arrangement helps users to easily locate books related to a particular subject.

Definitions of Library Classification

S. R. Ranganathan

"Library classification is the act of arranging books in a helpful sequence."

W. C. Berwick Sayers

"Classification is the translation of the name of a subject into a preferred notation."

Need and Importance of Library Classification

Library classification is very important for effective library organization and management.

Helps in systematic arrangement of books
Makes information retrieval easier
Keeps similar subjects together
Saves time for library users
Improves library management
Helps in proper utilization of shelf space

Major Library Classification Systems

There are several classification systems used in libraries around the world.

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is the most widely used classification system in libraries. It was developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876.

The system divides knowledge into ten main classes.

Main Classes of DDC

000 – Computer Science, Information & General Works
100 – Philosophy & Psychology
200 – Religion
300 – Social Sciences
400 – Language
500 – Natural Sciences
600 – Technology
700 – Arts & Recreation
800 – Literature
900 – History & Geography

Example:

Computer Science – 004
Indian History – 954

Colon Classification (CC)

Colon Classification is a faceted classification system developed by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan in 1933. It is considered one of the most important contributions of India to library science.

This system uses the concept of facets to represent subjects.

PMEST Formula

P – Personality
M – Matter
E – Energy
S – Space
T – Time

The PMEST formula helps in analyzing complex subjects and representing them systematically.

Universal Decimal Classification (UDC)

Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) is an international classification system developed by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine.

UDC is based on the Dewey Decimal Classification but it is more detailed and flexible.

This system is widely used in research libraries, documentation centers, and special libraries.

UDC allows the use of symbols and numbers to represent complex subjects.

Example:

004 – Computer Science
004.738 – Internet

Library of Congress Classification (LCC)

Library of Congress Classification (LCC) was developed by the Library of Congress, USA. It is widely used in academic and university libraries.

LCC uses a combination of letters and numbers to classify subjects.

Main Classes in LCC

A – General Works
B – Philosophy, Psychology, Religion
D – World History
Q – Science
T – Technology
Z – Library Science

Example Call Number:

QA76 – Computer Science

Advantages of Library Classification

Books are arranged systematically
Users can locate books easily
Similar subjects remain together
Saves time for readers
Improves library services

Conclusion

Library classification plays a vital role in organizing library collections. Systems such as DDC, CC, UDC, and LCC help libraries arrange books systematically and provide better access to information.

Even in digital libraries and automated library systems, classification continues to be an important tool for efficient information organization and retrieval.

References

Dewey, Melvil. Dewey Decimal Classification.
Ranganathan, S.R. Colon Classification.
Satija, M.P. Manual of Practical Colon Classification.
Library of Congress Official Website.
Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science.

MCQs on Library Classification

Who developed Dewey Decimal Classification?

A. Ranganathan
B. Melvil Dewey
C. Cutter
D. Bliss
Answer: B

In which year was DDC developed?

A. 1876
B. 1885
C. 1890
D. 1900
Answer: A

Who developed Colon Classification?

A. Dewey
B. Cutter
C. S. R. Ranganathan
D. Bliss
Answer: C

PMEST formula belongs to which classification?

A. DDC
B. CC
C. UDC
D. LCC
Answer: B

Which classification system is used mainly in US academic libraries?

A. DDC
B. UDC
C. LCC
D. CC
Answer: C

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UGC NET Library Science Guide